SAASINSPECTOR
Directory · 29 tools reviewed

Best AI Research Tools

Find AI research tools that search the literature, read and summarize papers, run systematic reviews and keep your citations in order. Each one is rated on what its maker publishes and on the academic price, since many sell a separate plan for students and universities that costs far less than the one shown first. How we score.

Choose the kind you need

11 Literature search tools ranked

Ranked by score · price shown: cheapest paid plan per month (academic rate if offered)
Top literature search toolof 11 literature search tools
Elicit$19 · 99% published
7.8/10

Systematic literature reviews and academic research

Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papersShows if later papers support or dispute a paper5Export formats+15 more
What makes up the score7.8

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers7.0
Reading and analysing papers10.0
Systematic reviews8.5
Pricing7.0
Citing and writingweakest5.8
Access, teams and privacy7.5
02SSciSpace96% published6.9/10$20Best forAcademic research, literature review, paper discovery
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score6.9

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers5.5
Reading and analysing papers10.0
Systematic reviewsweakest0.0
Pricing7.0
Citing and writing7.9
Access, teams and privacy7.0
03AnswerThis100% published6.8/10$35Best forAcademics, researchers, medical professionals, students, and pharma/biotech teams needing citation-backed literature reviews
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score6.8

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers7.0
Reading and analysing papers8.5
Systematic reviews8.0
Pricingweakest4.0
Citing and writing7.5
Access, teams and privacy6.0
04Consensus100% published6.7/10$20Best forResearchers, clinicians, students, and faculty conducting literature reviews
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score6.7

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers7.0
Reading and analysing papers8.5
Systematic reviewsweakest0.0
Pricing7.0
Citing and writing5.5
Access, teams and privacy9.0
05R Discovery94% published6.5/10$12Best forResearchers needing AI-assisted literature discovery, writing, and publishing tools
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score6.5

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers8.5
Reading and analysing papers6.5
Systematic reviewsweakest0.0
Pricing8.0
Citing and writing5.8
Access, teams and privacy7.5
06SSSemantic ScholarBest free plan100% published5.9/10FreeBest forResearchers and academics seeking AI-powered literature discovery and citation analysis
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score5.9

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers4.5
Reading and analysing papersweakest5.0
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing10.0
Citing and writing7.2
Access, teams and privacy7.0
07Scite100% published5.8/10$20Best forIndividual researchers, labs, and small teams doing deep research
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score5.8

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers8.5
Reading and analysing papers6.5
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing7.0
Citing and writingweakest3.2
Access, teams and privacy6.0
08Undermind100% published5.4/10$20Best forAcademic and serious ongoing research
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score5.4

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers7.0
Reading and analysing papers8.5
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing7.0
Citing and writingweakest0.0
Access, teams and privacy5.0
09KeeniousLowest price100% published5.1/10$10Best forAcademic researchers, students, and institutions seeking AI-assisted literature discovery
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score5.1

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers7.0
Reading and analysing papersweakest3.5
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing9.0
Citing and writing3.2
Access, teams and privacy5.0
10Litmaps100% published4.0/10$12.50Best forAcademic researchers tracking and visualizing scientific literature
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score4.0

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers6.0
Reading and analysing papersweakest0.0
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing8.0
Citing and writing4.5
Access, teams and privacy5.0
11ResearchRabbit100% published4.0/10$12.50Best forResearchers conducting literature reviews and citation network discovery
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score4.0

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers4.5
Reading and analysing papersweakest0.0
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing8.0
Citing and writing6.0
Access, teams and privacy6.0

8 Paper readers ranked

Ranked by score · price shown: cheapest paid plan per month (academic rate if offered)
Top paper readerof 8 paper readers
Anara$12 · 100% published
7.3/10

Researchers, PhD candidates, biopharma teams, clinical practitioners, and R&D engineers who need accurate, cited AI answers across large document libraries

Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papersShows if later papers support or dispute a paper2Works with Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote and others+15 more
What makes up the score7.3

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers5.5
Reading and analysing papers10.0
Systematic reviewsweakest0.0
Pricing8.0
Citing and writing9.5
Access, teams and privacy7.0
02Scholarcy99% published6.0/10$10.21Best forStudents and researchers needing fast summarization and organization of academic papers
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score6.0

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers6.0
Reading and analysing papers6.5
Systematic reviewsweakest0.0
Pricing8.0
Citing and writing5.8
Access, teams and privacy7.5
03Logically100% published5.5/10$30Best forStudents, researchers, academics, and professionals who need citation-backed writing and reference management
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score5.5

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers5.5
Reading and analysing papers8.0
Systematic reviewsweakest0.0
Pricing5.5
Citing and writing6.2
Access, teams and privacy4.0
04Google NotebookLM80% published4.8/10Best forResearch, analysis, and learning from uploaded sources
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score4.8

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papersweakest0.0
Reading and analysing papers10.0
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricingnot published
Citing and writing2.5
Access, teams and privacy5.0
05SciSummaryLowest price99% published4.4/10$7Best forResearchers, students, and academics who need fast, structured summaries of scientific papers
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score4.4

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papersweakest0.0
Reading and analysing papers6.5
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing9.0
Citing and writing4.0
Access, teams and privacy3.5
06Avidnote100% published3.8/10$19Best forResearchers and students managing academic papers
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score3.8

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papersweakest3.0
Reading and analysing papers5.0
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing7.0
Citing and writing2.0
Access, teams and privacy2.0
07Humata100% published3.5/10$9.99Best forSmall to large professional teams needing document processing
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score3.5

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papersweakest0.0
Reading and analysing papers5.0
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing9.0
Citing and writing0.0
Access, teams and privacy5.0
08Explainpaper99% published3.3/10$16Best forProfessional research and academic paper comprehension
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score3.3

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papersweakest0.0
Reading and analysing papers5.0
Systematic reviews0.0
Pricing7.0
Citing and writing2.0
Access, teams and privacy3.5

4 Systematic review platforms ranked

Ranked by score · price shown: cheapest paid plan per month (academic rate if offered)
Top systematic review platformof 4 systematic review platforms
Rayyan$8.33 · 99% publishedLowest price
6.0/10

Systematic review researchers, academics, healthcare professionals, and research institutions

Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papersShows if later papers support or dispute a paper4Export formats+15 more
What makes up the score6.0

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papersweakest2.5
Reading and analysing papers5.5
Systematic reviews10.0
Pricing9.0
Citing and writing2.5
Access, teams and privacy9.5
02Covidence100% published4.1/10$339/yrBest forSystematic reviews and evidence synthesis teams
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score4.1

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papersweakest0.0
Reading and analysing papers2.0
Systematic reviews10.0
Pricing5.5
Citing and writing6.0
Access, teams and privacy6.0
03Sysrev99% published4.0/10$50Best forResearchers, academic institutions, and organizations conducting systematic literature reviews and document data extraction
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score4.0

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papers3.0
Reading and analysing papersweakest2.0
Systematic reviews5.0
Pricing4.0
Citing and writing5.5
Access, teams and privacy7.5
04Silvi100% published3.6/10$43.20Best forResearchers, academics, and scientific teams conducting systematic literature reviews
Ask questions of a paperPulls data from many papers into a tableSummarises papersAnswers show the passage they came fromReads tables and figuresWrites a literature review for youSearches a database of papersAnswers a research question from the literatureMap of connected papersAlerts for new papers+17 more
What makes up the score3.6

Longer bar, heavier criterion. A hatched bar is one the vendor never published. A red one is a zero they did publish.

Finding papersweakest0.0
Reading and analysing papers3.5
Systematic reviews8.0
Pricing4.0
Citing and writing5.2
Access, teams and privacy3.0
published yespublished nonot published, scored at the midpoint
⇄ Compare
01Elicit logo

Elicit

Systematic literature reviews and academic research

7.8
Rank #1 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Reading and analysing papers10
Weakest:Citing and writing5.8
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: yesResearch answers: yes
From $19Free plan
99% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
02Anara logo

Anara

Researchers, PhD candidates, biopharma teams, clinical practitioners, and R&D engineers who need accurate, cited AI answers across large document libraries

7.3
Rank #1 of 8 paper readers
Best:Reading and analysing papers10
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: noPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: yes
From $12Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
03

SciSpace

Academic research, literature review, paper discovery

6.9
Rank #2 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Reading and analysing papers10
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: yes
From $20No free plan
96% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
04AnswerThis logo

AnswerThis

Academics, researchers, medical professionals, students, and pharma/biotech teams needing citation-backed literature reviews

6.8
Rank #3 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Reading and analysing papers8.5
Weakest:Pricing4
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: yesResearch answers: yes
From $35Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
05Consensus logo

Consensus

Researchers, clinicians, students, and faculty conducting literature reviews

6.7
Rank #4 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Access9
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: yes
From $20Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
06R Discovery logo

R Discovery

Researchers needing AI-assisted literature discovery, writing, and publishing tools

6.5
Rank #5 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Finding papers8.5
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: yes
From $12Free plan
94% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
07Rayyan logo

Rayyan

Systematic review researchers, academics, healthcare professionals, and research institutions

6.0
Rank #1 of 4 systematic review platforms
Best:Systematic reviews10
Weakest:Citing and writing2.5
Institution licence: yesPaper search: noScreening: yesResearch answers: yes
From $8.33Free plan
99% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
08Scholarcy logo

Scholarcy

Students and researchers needing fast summarization and organization of academic papers

6.0
Rank #2 of 8 paper readers
Best:Pricing8
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: no
From $10 (€8.99)Free plan
99% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
09

Semantic Scholar

Researchers and academics seeking AI-powered literature discovery and citation analysis

5.9
Rank #6 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Pricing10
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: no
FreeFree plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
10Scite logo

Scite

Individual researchers, labs, and small teams doing deep research

5.8
Rank #7 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Finding papers8.5
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: yes
From $20Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
11Logically logo

Logically

Students, researchers, academics, and professionals who need citation-backed writing and reference management

5.5
Rank #3 of 8 paper readers
Best:Reading and analysing papers8
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: noPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: yes
From $30Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
12Undermind logo

Undermind

Academic and serious ongoing research

5.4
Rank #8 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Reading and analysing papers8.5
Weakest:Citing and writing0
Institution licence: noPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: yes
From $20Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
13Keenious logo

Keenious

Academic researchers, students, and institutions seeking AI-assisted literature discovery

5.1
Rank #9 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Pricing9
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: yes
From $10Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
14Google NotebookLM logo

Google NotebookLM

Research, analysis, and learning from uploaded sources

4.8
Rank #4 of 8 paper readers
Best:Reading and analysing papers10
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: noPaper search: noScreening: noResearch answers: no
Price not publishedFree plan
80% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
15SciSummary logo

SciSummary

Researchers, students, and academics who need fast, structured summaries of scientific papers

4.4
Rank #5 of 8 paper readers
Best:Pricing9
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: noPaper search: noScreening: noResearch answers: no
From $7No free plan
99% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
16Covidence logo

Covidence

Systematic reviews and evidence synthesis teams

4.1
Rank #2 of 4 systematic review platforms
Best:Systematic reviews10
Weakest:Finding papers0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: noScreening: yesResearch answers: no
From $339 per yearNo free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
17ResearchRabbit logo

ResearchRabbit

Researchers conducting literature reviews and citation network discovery

4.0
Rank #10 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Pricing8
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: no
From $12.50Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
18Litmaps logo

Litmaps

Academic researchers tracking and visualizing scientific literature

4.0
Rank #10 of 11 literature search tools
Best:Pricing8
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: no
From $12.50Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
19Sysrev logo

Sysrev

Researchers, academic institutions, and organizations conducting systematic literature reviews and document data extraction

4.0
Rank #3 of 4 systematic review platforms
Best:Access7.5
Weakest:Reading and analysing papers2
Institution licence: yesPaper search: yesScreening: yesResearch answers: no
From $50Free plan
99% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
20Avidnote logo

Avidnote

Researchers and students managing academic papers

3.8
Rank #6 of 8 paper readers
Best:Pricing7
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: noPaper search: yesScreening: noResearch answers: no
From $19Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
21Silvi logo

Silvi

Researchers, academics, and scientific teams conducting systematic literature reviews

3.6
Rank #4 of 4 systematic review platforms
Best:Systematic reviews8
Weakest:Finding papers0
Institution licence: noPaper search: noScreening: yesResearch answers: no
From $43 (€40)Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
22Humata logo

Humata

Small to large professional teams needing document processing

3.5
Rank #7 of 8 paper readers
Best:Pricing9
Weakest:Citing and writing0
Institution licence: noPaper search: noScreening: noResearch answers: no
From $9.99Free plan
100% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
23Explainpaper logo

Explainpaper

Professional research and academic paper comprehension

3.3
Rank #8 of 8 paper readers
Best:Pricing7
Weakest:Systematic reviews0
Institution licence: noPaper search: noScreening: noResearch answers: no
From $16Free plan
99% from published facts · checked 14 Sep
24Claude logo

Claude

Individuals, developers, teams, and enterprises needing advanced AI assistance for writing, coding, research, and complex reasoning

Not scored yet
Free plan: yesFree trial: noAPI: yes
From $0Free plan
25Gemini logo

Gemini

Everyday productivity, creative work, and AI assistance at work, school, or home

Not scored yet
Free plan: yesFree trial: noAPI: yes
From $4.99Free plan
26

Perplexity

Researchers, students, professionals, and knowledge workers needing fast cited answers

Not scored yet
Free plan: yesFree trial: noAPI: yes
From $20Free plan
27Hebbia logo

Hebbia

Enterprise knowledge workers in finance, law, and consulting needing AI-powered document analysis at scale

Not scored yet
Free plan: noFree trial: noAPI: no
Price not publishedNo free plan
28Grok logo

Grok

Power users, researchers, and X/Twitter users seeking real-time AI-assisted research with live web access

Not scored yet
Free plan: noFree trial: noAPI: yes
From $10No free plan
29DeepSeek logo

DeepSeek

API-based AI integration requiring high context length, thinking/non-thinking modes, and competitive pricing

Not scored yet
Free plan: yesFree trial: noAPI: yes
FreeFree plan

AI Research guides

Narrower picks from the same 29 tools, for a specific budget or job.

AI Research head-to-head

All comparisons →

The matchups readers in this category weigh most often, lined up row by row.

All 109 AI Research matchups

Frequently asked

What is the best AI research tool?

It depends on the kind you need: our top literature search tool is Elicit, our top paper reader is Anara and our top systematic review platform is Rayyan. Each has the highest Spec Score of its kind.

Is there a free AI research tool?

Yes, Anara, AnswerThis, Avidnote and 21 more offer a free plan. Check each tool's page for what's included.

How much does an AI research tool cost?

Paid plans start from about $4.99 to $339/mo across the tools we track, depending on features and usage.